import AppKit
import Foundation
import Observation
import SwiftUI

// MARK: - Where a drag would land

/// The drop proposal: which board, which container, which slot.
///
/// One value for both layouts, because they differ only in what the container is: `laneID == nil`
/// is the **lane strip** (the index counts live lanes with the dragged run removed), and a lane id
/// is that lane's **masonry** (the index is a position in its logical card order — DRAG-REORDER.md
/// § The card masonry). `boardRoot` is what makes a proposal cross-board-aware: only the board whose
/// root it names renders the shadows, and only that board's delegate may commit it.
struct DropTarget: Equatable, Sendable {
    var boardRoot: URL
    /// `nil` == the lane strip.
    var laneID: ItemID?
    var index: Int
}

// MARK: - The committed-overlay hold

/// The hand-off condition for **the committed-overlay hold** (DRAG-REORDER.md § The
/// committed-overlay hold), as a value so the state machine is testable without a filesystem.
///
/// At release the write goes to disk and the *snapshot does not change* — the one-way flow means the
/// board only shows the new order once the watcher's reload lands (02-architecture.md). Dropping the
/// drag state at release would snap every sibling back to the pre-drop layout for a frame. So the
/// session flips from *proposing* to *committed*, keeps rendering the arrangement it was showing,
/// and stands until the destination store applies its next snapshot — **any** snapshot: the
/// app-mediated echo is normally next, and a foreign one that lands first re-grounds everything
/// anyway.
///
/// The `deadline` is the same guarantee the drag session's watchdog gives the drag itself: a write
/// that was refused outright (a read-only board) produces no reload at all, and an overlay with no
/// hand-off coming must still dissolve and let the snapshot be the authority again.
struct CommittedHold: Equatable, Sendable {

    /// The board whose next applied snapshot retires this hold.
    var boardRoot: URL

    /// That board's `snapshotGeneration` at the moment of the commit.
    var generation: Int

    /// How long the hold may stand with no snapshot arriving. Comfortably longer than a write plus
    /// a watcher round trip, short enough that a refused write does not leave the board drawing an
    /// arrangement it never got.
    static let timeout: Duration = .milliseconds(1500)

    /// Whether a snapshot applied on `root` at `generation` retires this hold. A snapshot on another
    /// board says nothing about this one, and the *same* generation is the one already on screen at
    /// the commit.
    func isRetired(byRoot root: URL, generation: Int) -> Bool {
        DragLocality.isSameBoard(root, boardRoot) && generation > self.generation
    }
}

// MARK: - Locality

/// **Locality picks the default — the Finder volume model** (04-interactions.md ▸ Drag and drop,
/// settled), as pure functions (`DragLocalityTests`).
///
/// Within a board a drag is a **move**: rearranging. Between boards it is a **copy**: transferring,
/// with the system copy badge showing over the foreign board. **⌥ always forces copy** and **⌘
/// always forces move** — Finder's exact modifier grammar — and each is a no-op where its behavior
/// is already the default. The operation is therefore a function of (source board, board under the
/// cursor, modifiers) sampled every frame, not a decision taken at pickup, which is what lets the
/// badge track live as the cursor crosses a boundary.
enum DragLocality {

    /// Whether two roots name the same board. Symlinks are resolved first — a board reached through
    /// a pinned symlink is the same board as the one reached directly (01-storage-format.md's
    /// symlink pins) — and the standardized path is the comparison key.
    static func isSameBoard(_ lhs: URL, _ rhs: URL) -> Bool {
        lhs.resolvingSymlinksInPath().standardizedFileURL.path
            == rhs.resolvingSymlinksInPath().standardizedFileURL.path
    }

    /// The effective operation, live.
    ///
    /// Two carve-outs, both 04-interactions.md's:
    ///
    /// - **Lane drags never copy within their board.** ⌥ is simply ignored there: the drag stays a
    ///   clean reorder and the badge never shows copy. The within-board lane duplicate exists, but
    ///   its home is the clipboard (▸ Clipboard, Lane paste).
    /// - **A trash row's drag is copy-out grammar** (▸ The trash). Within its own board it is the
    ///   restore — a move, no badge; across boards the default is the live copy that leaves the
    ///   tombstoned original in place, exactly as ⌘C out of the trash behaves. ⌘ forces the true
    ///   restore-move either way, and ⌥ forces the live copy either way ("⌘C, ⌥-drag, and the
    ///   cross-board drag default always yield *live* copies").
    static func operation(
        kind: DragKind,
        side: Liveness,
        isWithinBoard: Bool,
        modifiers: NSEvent.ModifierFlags
    ) -> TransferOperation {
        let forcesCopy = modifiers.contains(.option)
        let forcesMove = modifiers.contains(.command)

        // The lane carve-out comes first, because it is an outright refusal of the modifier rather
        // than a different default: a within-board lane drag is a reorder and nothing else.
        if kind == .lanes, isWithinBoard { return .move }

        if forcesMove { return .move }
        if forcesCopy { return .copy }
        _ = side   // the side changes which commit runs, never which operation the badge shows
        return isWithinBoard ? .move : .copy
    }
}

// MARK: - DragSession

/// The app's one drag session — what is in flight, where it would land, and what a release means
/// (DRAG-REORDER.md; 04-interactions.md ▸ Drag and drop).
///
/// **App-wide, because a drag crosses windows.** The identities are UUIDs and the folders are paths,
/// so the source board hides the dragged items while *any* open board's drop delegates propose a
/// landing spot for them. It is owned by `AppModel` and reached through the environment; the system
/// `NSItemProvider` payload is the formal drop data (`DragPayload`), and this is what every hover
/// actually reads — decoding a provider is asynchronous, and `dropUpdated` must answer synchronously
/// to drive the reflow.
///
/// ### What is frozen and what is not
///
/// 03-board-ui.md § Motion's animation-proof rule, made structural: the **only** inputs frozen at
/// drag start are the *dragged items'* own sizes — card heights and lane unit counts, which the
/// pickup transition corrupts the instant it starts. Everything else (the resting zones, the
/// destination's standard width, which lanes are live) is recomputed from the current snapshot on
/// every sample, which is rule 1 of the mid-drag re-grounding trio: a foreign reload just moves the
/// zones.
///
/// ### Termination is structural
///
/// `begin` arms a watchdog that polls the physical mouse-button state and clears the session shortly
/// after the button is released, no matter where the drop landed — on a delegate (whose
/// `performDrop` already cleaned up, making the watchdog a no-op), on empty window space, in another
/// window, outside every window, or on a cancelled drag. This is the pathfinder's hard-won lifecycle
/// pair: cleanup on session-phase events must be gated on the button being physically up (a finished
/// session's events can arrive *after* the next drag has started), and the watchdog is the
/// guaranteed path for the sessions SwiftUI never reports at all.
@MainActor
@Observable
final class DragSession {

    // MARK: What is in flight

    /// Which level is being dragged; `nil` when no session is in flight — which is what "no drag"
    /// means here rather than a separate flag.
    private(set) var kind: DragKind?

    /// The side the drag started on. A trash row's drag is a `.cards` session on the `.trashed`
    /// side, and that is the whole of what makes it one (04-interactions.md ▸ The trash).
    private(set) var side: Liveness = .live

    /// The dragged items in **flatten order** — the order they will land in.
    private(set) var members: [ItemID] = []

    /// Fast identity test for hiding the originals wherever they render.
    private(set) var memberSet: Set<ItemID> = []

    /// The dragged items' folders, aligned 1:1 with `members` — what the cross-board commits take.
    @ObservationIgnored private(set) var folders: [URL] = []

    /// The board the drag started in. Root and store are kept separately because the store may go
    /// away with its window mid-drag while the root — the left-hand side of the locality
    /// comparison — stays perfectly usable.
    private(set) var sourceRoot: URL?

    @ObservationIgnored private(set) weak var sourceStore: BoardStore?

    /// The dragged cards' heights, **frozen at drag start**. `DropSlotMath.cardSlot` caps the
    /// vertical trigger region at the first one (the shadow the cursor is over), and the shadows are
    /// drawn at all of them.
    @ObservationIgnored private(set) var cardHeights: [CGFloat] = []

    /// The dragged lanes' width units, frozen at drag start — the run's span, measured against
    /// whichever board's standard width it is being proposed into.
    @ObservationIgnored private(set) var laneUnits: [Int] = []

    // MARK: Where it would land

    /// The current proposal, or `nil` when the drag has none — a fresh session before the first
    /// sample, or one whose target lane was tombstoned in a reload (rule 2 of the re-grounding
    /// trio). **Release with no valid proposal cancels.**
    private(set) var proposal: DropTarget?

    /// The effective operation, re-resolved on every `dropUpdated` so the system badge tracks live.
    private(set) var operation: TransferOperation = .move

    /// The committed-overlay hold, or `nil` while the session is still proposing. See
    /// `CommittedHold`.
    private(set) var hold: CommittedHold?

    @ObservationIgnored private var watchdog: Task<Void, Never>?
    @ObservationIgnored private var holdTimeout: Task<Void, Never>?

    init() {}

    // MARK: Queries

    var isActive: Bool { kind != nil }
    var isDraggingCards: Bool { kind == .cards }
    var isDraggingLanes: Bool { kind == .lanes }

    /// N — the number of contiguous shadows the proposal draws.
    var shadowCount: Int { members.count }

    /// Whether `id` is one of the dragged items.
    func isDragging(_ id: ItemID) -> Bool { memberSet.contains(id) }

    /// The items to **leave out of the resting layout** on the board rooted at `root`.
    ///
    /// Only the source board hides anything, and only for a live-side session: a trash row's drag
    /// carries items that render in the quasi-lane, not in any lane's masonry, so no lane loses a
    /// card to it.
    ///
    /// **The dragged run is lifted out whatever the effective operation is** (DRAG-REORDER.md §
    /// Resting-layout zones): ⌥ can be pressed and released mid-drag, and a layout that re-admitted
    /// the originals on every modifier flip would flap the whole board under the cursor. The copy's
    /// originals reappear when the write lands.
    func hiddenMembers(onBoardRooted root: URL) -> Set<ItemID> {
        guard isActive, side == .live, let sourceRoot,
              DragLocality.isSameBoard(root, sourceRoot)
        else { return [] }
        return memberSet
    }

    /// The proposal's index when it names this board's strip, else `nil` — the lane strip's shadow
    /// run position.
    func stripProposal(onBoardRooted root: URL) -> Int? {
        guard kind == .lanes, let proposal, proposal.laneID == nil,
              DragLocality.isSameBoard(proposal.boardRoot, root)
        else { return nil }
        return proposal.index
    }

    /// The proposal's index when it names `laneID` on this board, else `nil` — the masonry's shadow
    /// run position, in the lane's logical card order.
    func laneProposal(onBoardRooted root: URL, laneID: ItemID) -> Int? {
        guard kind == .cards, let proposal, proposal.laneID == laneID,
              DragLocality.isSameBoard(proposal.boardRoot, root)
        else { return nil }
        return proposal.index
    }

    /// The members that are still there — **rule 3 of the re-grounding trio**: drag membership is a
    /// UUID set that vanished items leave silently (`TransientBoardState.dragMembers`), and when the
    /// last one goes the drag has emptied itself. Partial vanishing drops the survivors, matching
    /// the pending-cut precedent.
    ///
    /// The source store answers because it is the one re-grounding the set against each reload; with
    /// its window gone there is nothing left to invalidate the set, and the folders on disk are as
    /// good as they were.
    var survivors: [Int] {
        guard let store = sourceStore else { return Array(members.indices) }
        let live = store.transient.dragMembers.ids
        return members.indices.filter { live.contains(members[$0]) }
    }

    // MARK: Lifecycle

    /// Begins a card session — live faces or trash rows.
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - members: the dragged cards in flatten order (`SelectionGrammar.liveCards`, or the trash's
    ///     own sorted order for a trash-row drag).
    ///   - heights: their measured heights, captured **before** the pickup transition starts.
    func beginCards(
        _ members: [ItemID],
        folders: [URL],
        heights: [CGFloat],
        side: Liveness,
        source: BoardStore
    ) {
        begin(kind: .cards, members: members, folders: folders, side: side, source: source)
        cardHeights = heights
        laneUnits = []
    }

    /// Begins a lane session.
    func beginLanes(_ members: [ItemID], folders: [URL], units: [Int], source: BoardStore) {
        begin(kind: .lanes, members: members, folders: folders, side: .live, source: source)
        laneUnits = units
        cardHeights = []
    }

    private func begin(
        kind: DragKind,
        members: [ItemID],
        folders: [URL],
        side: Liveness,
        source: BoardStore
    ) {
        endHold()
        self.kind = kind
        self.members = members
        self.memberSet = Set(members)
        self.folders = folders
        self.side = side
        self.sourceStore = source
        self.sourceRoot = source.rootURL
        self.proposal = nil
        self.operation = .move
        // The reload-resolved drag set: vanished members leave it silently, which is what
        // `survivors` reads and what "an emptied drag cancels itself" is stated in terms of.
        source.transient.dragMembers = ItemReferenceSet(ids: memberSet, liveness: side)
        armWatchdog()
    }

    /// Records a new proposal. `nil` withdraws it — rule 2's "the shadow withdraws".
    func propose(_ target: DropTarget?) {
        guard isActive, proposal != target else { return }
        proposal = target
    }

    /// Re-resolves the effective operation against the board under the cursor and the modifiers
    /// **right now**, and hands it back for the `DropProposal` the badge tracks.
    @discardableResult
    func resolveOperation(destinationRoot: URL) -> TransferOperation {
        guard let kind, let sourceRoot else { return operation }
        let resolved = DragLocality.operation(
            kind: kind,
            side: side,
            isWithinBoard: DragLocality.isSameBoard(sourceRoot, destinationRoot),
            modifiers: NSEvent.modifierFlags
        )
        if resolved != operation { operation = resolved }
        return resolved
    }

    /// Ends the session outright — a cancel, a release with no valid proposal, or the watchdog.
    func end() {
        sourceStore?.transient.dragMembers = .empty
        kind = nil
        members = []
        memberSet = []
        folders = []
        cardHeights = []
        laneUnits = []
        proposal = nil
        operation = .move
        sourceStore = nil
        sourceRoot = nil
        watchdog?.cancel()
        watchdog = nil
        endHold()
    }

    /// Enters the committed phase: the arrangement the session was showing stays on screen until
    /// `store` applies its next snapshot (`CommittedHold`).
    ///
    /// Everything that drives the rendering — the members, the proposal, the source root — is kept
    /// exactly as it was, so "keeps rendering the arrangement it was showing" needs no second
    /// mechanism: the shadows stay at the landing slots and the originals stay lifted out until the
    /// snapshot carrying the write arrives and the real faces take their place.
    func commit(into store: BoardStore) {
        guard isActive else { return }
        sourceStore?.transient.dragMembers = .empty
        watchdog?.cancel()
        watchdog = nil
        let hold = CommittedHold(boardRoot: store.rootURL, generation: store.snapshotGeneration)
        self.hold = hold
        holdTimeout?.cancel()
        holdTimeout = Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
            try? await Task.sleep(for: CommittedHold.timeout)
            guard !Task.isCancelled, let self, self.hold == hold else { return }
            withAnimation(Motion.dragReflow(reduced: Motion.prefersReducedMotion)) { self.end() }
        }
    }

    /// The hand-off: a snapshot landed on `root`, so an overlay standing in for it dissolves.
    ///
    /// Called from every board window's own snapshot-generation watch, which is why the hold names
    /// the board it belongs to — a reload on some other board says nothing about this one.
    func handOff(root: URL, generation: Int) {
        guard let hold, hold.isRetired(byRoot: root, generation: generation) else { return }
        end()
    }

    private func endHold() {
        hold = nil
        holdTimeout?.cancel()
        holdTimeout = nil
    }

    /// Cleanup for a session-phase event SwiftUI reports.
    ///
    /// **Gated on the physical button being up**, because a finished session's `.ended` /
    /// `.dataTransferCompleted` events can be delivered *after the user has already started the next
    /// drag*, and a naive handler wipes the new session's state — no shadow, drop dead. The watchdog
    /// covers every genuinely-ended session anyway, so refusing here costs nothing.
    func endIfButtonReleased() {
        guard NSEvent.pressedMouseButtons == 0 else { return }
        guard isActive, hold == nil else { return }
        withAnimation(Motion.dragReflow(reduced: Motion.prefersReducedMotion)) { end() }
    }

    // MARK: The watchdog — the single guaranteed termination path

    /// Polls the physical mouse-button state while a drag is in flight. When the button is released
    /// and, after a short grace period (long enough for a landing `performDrop` to run first), a
    /// session still lingers, it is cleared here. Backstops every path a drop delegate cannot see.
    private func armWatchdog() {
        watchdog?.cancel()
        watchdog = Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
            while !Task.isCancelled {
                try? await Task.sleep(for: .milliseconds(120))
                guard let self, self.isActive, self.hold == nil else { return }
                guard NSEvent.pressedMouseButtons == 0 else { continue }
                try? await Task.sleep(for: .milliseconds(250))
                guard !Task.isCancelled, self.isActive, self.hold == nil else { return }
                withAnimation(Motion.dragReflow(reduced: Motion.prefersReducedMotion)) { self.end() }
                return
            }
        }
    }
}