#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Render Exercise Library visuals from an articulated 2D rig.

A body profile (body.json: bone lengths) plus a per-exercise motion script
(motion.json: key frames of absolute joint angles, root position, optional
IK pins, timing) resolve through forward kinematics into stick-figure frames.
See SYSTEM.md for the format and the visual language.

Outputs per exercise: frames/frame-N.svg, preview.gif (tweened, looping),
visual.svg (the primary frame). `--sheet` writes contact-sheet.png of every
key frame; `--demo` writes demo-sheet.png showing rig customizations (figure
profile, flip, theme). `--export` instead copies body.json and each entry's
motion.json (as `<Name>.motion.json`) into Workouts/Resources/ExerciseMotions
for the in-app SwiftUI renderer. SVGs need no dependencies; GIFs/sheets need
Pillow.

Angles are absolute world angles in degrees, y-up: 0 = toward +x (right),
90 = straight up, 180 = toward -x (left), -90 = straight down.
"""

import json
import math
import sys
from pathlib import Path

LIB = Path(__file__).parent
CANVAS = (320, 180)
GROUND_Y = 152

PALETTES = {
    "default": {
        "right": "#3a3f4b", "left": "#a9afba",
        "right_working": "#0d9488", "left_working": "#86cfc5",
        "ground": "#b9bec9", "legend_text": "#6b7180", "head_fill": "white",
    },
    "indigo": {
        "right": "#3a3f4b", "left": "#a9afba",
        "right_working": "#4f46e5", "left_working": "#a5b4fc",
        "ground": "#b9bec9", "legend_text": "#6b7180", "head_fill": "white",
    },
}
WIDTHS = {"right": 6, "left": 5, "spine": 6, "head": 6, "nose": 4}

# Draw order: left limbs behind, spine, right limbs, then the head on top —
# the head is filled opaque so limbs passing it (arms overhead beside the
# ears) are occluded instead of crossing through the face.
PART_ORDER = ["arm_l", "leg_l", "spine", "arm_r", "leg_r", "head"]

LIMBS = {  # limb -> (attach joint, [bone length keys], pin key)
    "arm_r": ("shoulder_r", ["upperArm", "foreArm"], "hand_r"),
    "arm_l": ("shoulder_l", ["upperArm", "foreArm"], "hand_l"),
    "leg_r": ("hip_r", ["thigh", "shin"], "foot_r"),
    "leg_l": ("hip_l", ["thigh", "shin"], "foot_l"),
}

ANGLE_KEYS = ["spine", "neck", "gaze", "arm_r", "arm_l", "leg_r", "leg_l"]


def bodies():
    return json.loads((LIB / "body.json").read_text())


def dirv(deg):
    """Unit vector for a y-up angle, in y-down canvas coordinates."""
    r = math.radians(deg)
    return (math.cos(r), -math.sin(r))


def walk(start, angles, lengths):
    """Chain FK: [start, joint1, joint2, ...] for per-bone absolute angles."""
    pts = [start]
    x, y = start
    for a, ln in zip(angles, lengths):
        dx, dy = dirv(a)
        x, y = x + dx * ln, y + dy * ln
        pts.append((x, y))
    return pts


def angle_of(a, b):
    """Y-up world angle of the segment a→b."""
    return math.degrees(math.atan2(-(b[1] - a[1]), b[0] - a[0]))


def ik2(start, target, a, b, guess_angles):
    """Analytic 2-bone IK: angles [upper, lower] reaching from start toward
    target, choosing the elbow solution nearest the authored guess."""
    dx, dy_up = target[0] - start[0], -(target[1] - start[1])
    d = max(abs(a - b) + 0.5, min(a + b - 0.01, math.hypot(dx, dy_up)))
    base = math.degrees(math.atan2(dy_up, dx))
    alpha = math.degrees(math.acos((a * a + d * d - b * b) / (2 * a * d)))
    guess_elbow = walk(start, guess_angles, [a, b])[1]
    best = None
    for sign in (1, -1):
        upper = base + sign * alpha
        elbow = walk(start, [upper], [a])[1]
        dist = math.dist(elbow, guess_elbow)
        if best is None or dist < best[0]:
            best = (dist, [upper, angle_of(elbow, target)])
    return best[1]


# ------------------------------------------------------------------- solver

def flip_frame(kf, width):
    """Mirror a key frame horizontally: x -> width - x, angle -> 180 - angle."""
    out = dict(kf)
    out["root"] = [width - kf["root"][0], kf["root"][1]]
    for key in ANGLE_KEYS:
        if key not in kf:
            continue
        v = kf[key]
        out[key] = [180 - a for a in v] if isinstance(v, list) else 180 - v
    if "pins" in kf:
        out["pins"] = {k: [width - x, y] for k, (x, y) in kf["pins"].items()}
    return out


def normalize(kf, body, flip=False):
    """Resolve a key frame to pure angles: apply the mirror, then replace each
    pinned limb's authored angles with its IK solution. Normalized frames
    interpolate cleanly (angle space), and geometry() re-pins tween frames."""
    if flip:
        kf = flip_frame(kf, CANVAS[0])
    out = {"root": list(kf["root"]), "pins": dict(kf.get("pins", {})),
           "hold": kf.get("hold", 0.5), "tween": kf.get("tween", 0.6)}
    for key in ANGLE_KEYS:
        if key in kf:
            out[key] = list(kf[key]) if isinstance(kf[key], list) else kf[key]
    attach = attach_points(out, body, flip)
    for limb, (joint, bone_keys, pin) in LIMBS.items():
        if limb in out and pin in out["pins"]:
            lengths = [body[k] for k in bone_keys]
            out[limb] = ik2(attach[joint], out["pins"][pin], *lengths, out[limb])
    return out


def attach_points(frame, body, flip=False):
    """FK for the trunk: pelvis, spine mid, neck joint, and limb attachments."""
    pelvis = tuple(frame["root"])
    mid = walk(pelvis, [frame["spine"][0]], [body["spine1"]])[1]
    neck = walk(mid, [frame["spine"][1]], [body["spine2"]])[1]
    ox, oy = body.get("leftOffset", [6, 2])
    if flip:
        ox = -ox
    return {"pelvis": pelvis, "mid": mid, "neck": neck,
            "shoulder_r": neck, "shoulder_l": (neck[0] + ox, neck[1] + oy),
            "hip_r": pelvis, "hip_l": (pelvis[0] + ox, pelvis[1] + oy)}


def geometry(frame, body, hide=(), flip=False):
    """Normalized frame -> drawable points. Limbs with an active pin are
    re-solved so planted hands/feet hold exactly through tweens."""
    at = attach_points(frame, body, flip)
    head = walk(at["neck"], [frame["neck"]], [body["neck"]])[1]
    nose_tip = walk(head, [frame["gaze"]], [body["headR"] + 7])[1]
    geo = {"head": head, "nose": nose_tip, "headR": body["headR"],
           "spine": [at["pelvis"],
                     (2 * at["mid"][0] - (at["pelvis"][0] + at["neck"][0]) / 2,
                      2 * at["mid"][1] - (at["pelvis"][1] + at["neck"][1]) / 2),
                     at["neck"]]}
    for limb, (joint, bone_keys, pin) in LIMBS.items():
        if limb not in frame or limb in hide:
            continue
        lengths = [body[k] for k in bone_keys]
        angles = frame[limb]
        if pin in frame.get("pins", {}):
            angles = ik2(at[joint], frame["pins"][pin], *lengths, angles)
        geo[limb] = walk(at[joint], angles, lengths)
    return geo


# ------------------------------------------------------------------ tweening

def ease(t):
    return 3 * t * t - 2 * t * t * t


def lerp_angle(a, b, t):
    return a + ((b - a + 180) % 360 - 180) * t


def lerp_norm(a, b, t):
    out = {"root": [a["root"][0] + (b["root"][0] - a["root"][0]) * t,
                    a["root"][1] + (b["root"][1] - a["root"][1]) * t]}
    for key in ANGLE_KEYS:
        if key not in a or key not in b:
            continue
        va, vb = a[key], b[key]
        out[key] = ([lerp_angle(x, y, t) for x, y in zip(va, vb)]
                    if isinstance(va, list) else lerp_angle(va, vb, t))
    # A pin survives a tween only if planted in both neighboring key frames.
    out["pins"] = {k: [a["pins"][k][0] + (b["pins"][k][0] - a["pins"][k][0]) * t,
                       a["pins"][k][1] + (b["pins"][k][1] - a["pins"][k][1]) * t]
                   for k in a["pins"] if k in b["pins"]}
    return out


def timeline(norms, fps=20):
    frames = []
    for i, kf in enumerate(norms):
        frames += [kf] * max(1, round(kf["hold"] * fps))
        nxt = norms[(i + 1) % len(norms)]
        steps = max(1, round(kf["tween"] * fps))
        frames += [lerp_norm(kf, nxt, ease(s / steps)) for s in range(1, steps)]
    return frames


# ------------------------------------------------------------------- drawing

def part_style(part, working, colors):
    side = "left" if part.endswith("_l") else "right"
    color = colors[f"{side}_working"] if part in working else colors[side]
    width = WIDTHS["spine"] if part == "spine" else WIDTHS[side]
    return color, width


def quad_points(p0, ctrl, p2, n=24):
    pts = []
    for i in range(n + 1):
        t = i / n
        pts.append(((1 - t) ** 2 * p0[0] + 2 * (1 - t) * t * ctrl[0] + t ** 2 * p2[0],
                    (1 - t) ** 2 * p0[1] + 2 * (1 - t) * t * ctrl[1] + t ** 2 * p2[1]))
    return pts


def nose_segment(geo):
    hx, hy = geo["head"]
    nx, ny = geo["nose"]
    d = math.hypot(nx - hx, ny - hy) or 1.0
    ux, uy = (nx - hx) / d, (ny - hy) / d
    r = geo["headR"]
    return (hx + ux * r, hy + uy * r), (hx + ux * (r + 7), hy + uy * (r + 7))


def svg_for_frame(name, geo, working, colors):
    w, h = CANVAS
    parts = [f'<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 {w} {h}" fill="none">',
             f'  <title>{name}</title>',
             f'  <line x1="16" y1="{GROUND_Y + 4}" x2="{w - 16}" y2="{GROUND_Y + 4}"'
             f' stroke="{colors["ground"]}" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round"/>']
    for part in PART_ORDER:
        if part == "head":
            hx, hy = geo["head"]
            (sx, sy), (ex, ey) = nose_segment(geo)
            parts.append(f'  <circle id="head" cx="{hx:.1f}" cy="{hy:.1f}" r="{geo["headR"]}"'
                         f' fill="{colors["head_fill"]}" stroke="{colors["right"]}" stroke-width="{WIDTHS["head"]}"/>')
            parts.append(f'  <line id="nose" x1="{sx:.1f}" y1="{sy:.1f}" x2="{ex:.1f}" y2="{ey:.1f}"'
                         f' stroke="{colors["right"]}" stroke-width="{WIDTHS["nose"]}" stroke-linecap="round"/>')
            continue
        if part not in geo:
            continue
        color, width = part_style(part, working, colors)
        if part == "spine":
            (ax, ay), (cx, cy), (bx, by) = geo["spine"]
            d = f"M {ax:.1f} {ay:.1f} Q {cx:.1f} {cy:.1f} {bx:.1f} {by:.1f}"
        else:
            d = "M " + " L ".join(f"{x:.1f} {y:.1f}" for x, y in geo[part])
        parts.append(f'  <path id="{part}" d="{d}" stroke="{color}" stroke-width="{width}"'
                     f' stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>')
    lx = w - 78
    parts.append(f'  <g font-family="-apple-system, Helvetica, sans-serif" font-size="11" fill="{colors["legend_text"]}">')
    parts.append(f'    <line x1="{lx}" y1="16" x2="{lx + 16}" y2="16" stroke="{colors["right"]}" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round"/>')
    parts.append(f'    <text x="{lx + 22}" y="20">R</text>')
    parts.append(f'    <line x1="{lx + 40}" y1="16" x2="{lx + 56}" y2="16" stroke="{colors["left"]}" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round"/>')
    parts.append(f'    <text x="{lx + 62}" y="20">L</text>')
    parts.append('  </g>')
    parts.append('</svg>')
    return "\n".join(parts) + "\n"


def draw_geo(geo, working, colors, scale=2, font=None):
    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw

    w, h = CANVAS[0] * scale, CANVAS[1] * scale
    img = Image.new("RGB", (w, h), "white")
    d = ImageDraw.Draw(img)

    def line(pts, color, width):
        pts = [(x * scale, y * scale) for x, y in pts]
        d.line(pts, fill=color, width=width * scale, joint="curve")
        r = width * scale / 2
        for x, y in (pts[0], pts[-1]):
            d.ellipse([x - r, y - r, x + r, y + r], fill=color)

    line([(16, GROUND_Y + 4), (CANVAS[0] - 16, GROUND_Y + 4)], colors["ground"], 3)
    for part in PART_ORDER:
        if part == "head":
            hx, hy = geo["head"]
            r, sw = geo["headR"] * scale, WIDTHS["head"] * scale
            d.ellipse([hx * scale - r, hy * scale - r, hx * scale + r, hy * scale + r],
                      fill=colors["head_fill"], outline=colors["right"], width=sw)
            line(list(nose_segment(geo)), colors["right"], WIDTHS["nose"])
            continue
        if part not in geo:
            continue
        color, width = part_style(part, working, colors)
        pts = quad_points(*geo["spine"]) if part == "spine" else geo[part]
        line(pts, color, width)

    lx = CANVAS[0] - 78
    line([(lx, 16), (lx + 16, 16)], colors["right"], 4)
    line([(lx + 40, 16), (lx + 56, 16)], colors["left"], 4)
    if font:
        d.text((lx * scale + 22 * scale, 16 * scale - 11 * scale / 2 - 2), "R",
               fill=colors["legend_text"], font=font)
        d.text((lx * scale + 62 * scale, 16 * scale - 11 * scale / 2 - 2), "L",
               fill=colors["legend_text"], font=font)
    return img.resize(CANVAS, Image.LANCZOS)


def legend_font(scale=2):
    from PIL import ImageFont
    try:
        return ImageFont.load_default(size=11 * scale)
    except TypeError:
        return ImageFont.load_default()


# --------------------------------------------------------------------- main

def load_motion(folder):
    return json.loads((folder / "motion.json").read_text())


def export_app_resources(folders):
    """Write the app's bundled copies: body.json plus one `<Name>.motion.json`
    per library entry. Unique basenames — Xcode copies resources flat, so the
    per-entry motion.json files can't ship under their own folder names."""
    out = LIB.parent / "Workouts" / "Resources" / "ExerciseMotions"
    out.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    (out / "body.json").write_text((LIB / "body.json").read_text())
    for folder in folders:
        motion = load_motion(folder)
        (out / f"{motion['name']}.motion.json").write_text(
            (folder / "motion.json").read_text())
        print(f"  exported {motion['name']}.motion.json")
    print(f"  exported body.json -> {out}")


def render_exercise(folder, figure="neutral", flip=False):
    motion = load_motion(folder)
    body = bodies()[figure]
    working = set(motion.get("working", []))
    hide = set(motion.get("hide", []))
    norms = [normalize(kf, body, flip) for kf in motion["frames"]]
    geos = [geometry(n, body, hide, flip) for n in norms]

    frames_dir = folder / "frames"
    frames_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    for old in frames_dir.glob("frame-*.svg"):
        old.unlink()
    colors = PALETTES["default"]
    svgs = [svg_for_frame(motion["name"], g, working, colors) for g in geos]
    for i, svg in enumerate(svgs, start=1):
        (frames_dir / f"frame-{i}.svg").write_text(svg)
    (folder / "visual.svg").write_text(svgs[motion.get("primary", 1) - 1])

    try:
        font = legend_font()
        imgs = [draw_geo(geometry(n, body, hide, flip), working, colors, font=font)
                for n in timeline(norms)]
        imgs[0].save(folder / "preview.gif", save_all=True, append_images=imgs[1:],
                     duration=50, loop=0)
        print(f"  {motion['name']}: {len(svgs)} frames, preview.gif")
    except ImportError:
        print(f"  {motion['name']}: Pillow missing — SVGs written, preview.gif skipped")


def contact_sheet(folders, figure="neutral"):
    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw

    font = legend_font()
    body = bodies()[figure]
    cells = []
    for folder in folders:
        motion = load_motion(folder)
        working, hide = set(motion.get("working", [])), set(motion.get("hide", []))
        for i, kf in enumerate(motion["frames"], start=1):
            geo = geometry(normalize(kf, body), body, hide)
            cells.append((f"{motion['name']} {i}/{len(motion['frames'])}",
                          draw_geo(geo, working, PALETTES["default"], font=font)))
    save_sheet(cells, LIB / "contact-sheet.png")


def demo_sheet(folder):
    """One exercise's primary frame rendered four ways — the doors the rig
    opens: neutral, female profile, flipped, alternate theme."""
    motion = load_motion(folder)
    working, hide = set(motion.get("working", [])), set(motion.get("hide", []))
    kf = motion["frames"][motion.get("primary", 1) - 1]
    font = legend_font()
    variants = [("neutral", "neutral", False, "default"),
                ("female profile", "female", False, "default"),
                ("flipped", "neutral", True, "default"),
                ("themed (indigo)", "neutral", False, "indigo")]
    cells = []
    for label, figure, flip, palette in variants:
        body = bodies()[figure]
        geo = geometry(normalize(kf, body, flip), body, hide, flip)
        cells.append((f"{motion['name']} — {label}",
                      draw_geo(geo, working, PALETTES[palette], font=font)))
    save_sheet(cells, LIB / "demo-sheet.png", cols=2)


def save_sheet(cells, path, cols=4):
    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw

    rows = (len(cells) + cols - 1) // cols
    cw, ch, cap = CANVAS[0], CANVAS[1], 22
    sheet = Image.new("RGB", (cols * (cw + 8) + 8, rows * (ch + cap + 8) + 8), "white")
    d = ImageDraw.Draw(sheet)
    for i, (label, img) in enumerate(cells):
        x, y = 8 + (i % cols) * (cw + 8), 8 + (i // cols) * (ch + cap + 8)
        sheet.paste(img, (x, y))
        d.text((x + 6, y + ch + 3), label, fill=PALETTES["default"]["right"])
    sheet.save(path)
    print(f"  {path.name} ({len(cells)} cells)")


def main():
    flags = [a for a in sys.argv[1:] if a.startswith("--")]
    names = [a for a in sys.argv[1:] if not a.startswith("--")]
    figure = "neutral"
    for f in flags:
        if f.startswith("--figure="):
            figure = f.split("=", 1)[1]
    folders = ([LIB / n for n in names] if names
               else sorted(p.parent for p in LIB.glob("*/motion.json")))
    if "--export" in flags:
        export_app_resources(folders)
        return
    for folder in folders:
        render_exercise(folder, figure=figure, flip="--flip" in flags)
    if "--sheet" in flags:
        contact_sheet(folders, figure=figure)
    if "--demo" in flags:
        demo_sheet(folders[0] if names else LIB / "Bird Dog")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()