import Foundation
import IndieSync
import SwiftData
import Observation
import os

enum ICloudStatus: Equatable {
    case checking
    case available
    case unavailable
}

/// Orchestrates the iCloud Drive file layer and the SwiftData cache. iCloud is
/// the sole source of truth: every save/delete writes files only; the metadata
/// observer (and the connect-time reconcile) is the sole mutator of the cache.
@Observable
@MainActor
final class SyncEngine {
    nonisolated static let containerIdentifier = "iCloud.dev.rzen.indie.Workouts"

    private(set) var iCloudStatus: ICloudStatus = .checking
    private(set) var isSyncing = false

    /// Last non-fatal sync failure, surfaced for the UI to render. Cleared on the
    /// next successful write or full reconcile.
    private(set) var lastSyncError: String?

    /// Maps a seed's id to its clone's id after a clone-on-edit fork, so a view still
    /// holding the seed's id resolves to the live clone. In-memory only (@Observable
    /// notifies on change); not persisted — a seed is edited at most once before it's
    /// gone, so nothing needs to survive a relaunch.
    private(set) var cloneRedirects: [String: String] = [:]

    /// Follow the redirect chain from `id` to the current live split id. A seed
    /// redirects at most once, but the loop tolerates (and breaks) any chain or cycle.
    func currentSplitID(for id: String) -> String {
        var current = id
        var seen: Set<String> = [current]
        while let next = cloneRedirects[current], seen.insert(next).inserted {
            current = next
        }
        return current
    }

    /// Called after the cache changes (local or remote). The watch bridge uses
    /// this to push fresh state to the watch.
    var onCacheChanged: (() -> Void)?

    /// Called when a completed workout is persisted. The HealthKit writer uses this to
    /// schedule an estimated Health workout if nothing recorded it.
    var onWorkoutCompleted: ((WorkoutDocument) -> Void)?

    /// Called when a workout carrying watch-recorded metrics is persisted, so the
    /// writer can cancel any pending phone estimate for it.
    var onWatchMetricsArrived: ((String) -> Void)?

    private let log = Logger(subsystem: "dev.rzen.indie.Workouts", category: "sync")
    private let modelContainer: ModelContainer
    private var store: DocumentFileStore?
    private var tombstones: TombstoneStore?
    private var monitor: MetadataObserver?
    private var monitorTask: Task<Void, Never>?
    private var connectAttempt = 0

    /// How long `connect()` keeps polling for a still-provisioning iCloud
    /// container before falling to the end-of-the-line gate. Deliberately long
    /// (~10 min): as long as the user is signed into iCloud, a container that's
    /// slow to come online should never be misreported as unavailable. Impatient
    /// users bail sooner via the connecting screen's escape hatch (28s).
    private static let connectTimeoutSeconds: TimeInterval = 600

    private var context: ModelContext { modelContainer.mainContext }

    init(container: ModelContainer) {
        self.modelContainer = container
    }

    // MARK: - Connection (deferred, patient)

    func connect() async {
        guard iCloudStatus != .available else { return }
        connectAttempt += 1
        let attempt = connectAttempt
        iCloudStatus = .checking
        log.info("connect[\(attempt)]: resolving container \(Self.containerIdentifier, privacy: .public)")

        // Definitive failure first: if the user isn't signed into iCloud at all,
        // no container is ever coming — go straight to the end-of-the-line gate
        // rather than spinning. (Signed-in-but-Drive-off still reports a token;
        // that case falls through to the patient poll below and the escape hatch.)
        let signedIn = await Task.detached {
            FileManager.default.ubiquityIdentityToken != nil
        }.value
        guard attempt == connectAttempt else { return }
        guard signedIn else {
            log.error("connect[\(attempt)]: not signed into iCloud → unavailable")
            iCloudStatus = .unavailable
            return
        }

        // Signed in, but the container may still be provisioning — common right
        // after enabling iCloud Drive. Keep polling patiently: we'd rather hold the
        // spinner than misreport a working account as unavailable. We only give up
        // after a considerable timeout; the user can bail sooner via the connecting
        // screen's escape hatch (which bumps connectAttempt and stops this loop).
        var resolved: URL?
        let deadline = Date().addingTimeInterval(Self.connectTimeoutSeconds)
        while resolved == nil {
            let url = await Task.detached {
                FileManager.default.url(forUbiquityContainerIdentifier: Self.containerIdentifier)
            }.value
            guard attempt == connectAttempt else { return }
            if let url {
                resolved = url
                break
            }
            if Date() >= deadline {
                log.error("connect[\(attempt)]: container still nil after \(Int(Self.connectTimeoutSeconds))s → unavailable")
                iCloudStatus = .unavailable
                return
            }
            log.info("connect[\(attempt)]: container nil — still provisioning, retrying")
            try? await Task.sleep(for: .seconds(2))
            guard attempt == connectAttempt else { return }
        }
        guard let containerURL = resolved else { return }
        log.info("connect[\(attempt)]: container URL = \(containerURL.path, privacy: .public)")

        let store = DocumentFileStore(root: containerURL.appendingPathComponent("Documents", isDirectory: true))

        // Safety net only: prepareDirectories is a local op that effectively never
        // blocks, but if the first container file op ever wedges we don't want an
        // eternal spinner. This is generous — it isn't the connect path's clock.
        let safety = Task { [weak self] in
            try? await Task.sleep(for: .seconds(30))
            guard let self, !Task.isCancelled else { return }
            if self.iCloudStatus == .checking, attempt == self.connectAttempt {
                self.log.error("connect[\(attempt)]: prepareDirectories wedged 30s → unavailable")
                self.iCloudStatus = .unavailable
            }
        }
        log.info("connect[\(attempt)]: preparing directories…")
        await store.prepareDirectories(["Splits", "Workouts", "Stubs"])
        safety.cancel()
        guard attempt == connectAttempt else { return }

        self.store = store
        self.tombstones = TombstoneStore(store: store)
        iCloudStatus = .available
        log.info("connect[\(attempt)]: directories ready → available")
        WorkoutsModelContainer.persistCurrentIdentityToken()

        await reconcile()
        startMonitoring(documentsURL: store.rootURL)
        cleanupOldStubs()
        // Off the connect path so opening the gate isn't delayed by the settle wait.
        Task { await self.autoSeedIfEmpty() }
    }

    /// Invoked from the connecting screen when the user chooses not to keep
    /// waiting. Bumps `connectAttempt` to stop the in-flight poll loop, then drops
    /// to the end-of-the-line gate (with its Try Again).
    func abandonWaiting() {
        guard iCloudStatus == .checking else { return }
        connectAttempt += 1
        iCloudStatus = .unavailable
        log.info("connect: abandoned by user → unavailable")
    }

    // MARK: - Monitoring

    private func startMonitoring(documentsURL: URL) {
        monitorTask?.cancel()
        let monitor = MetadataObserver(documentsURL: documentsURL)
        self.monitor = monitor
        monitor.start()
        monitorTask = Task { [weak self] in
            for await batch in monitor.events() {
                await self?.handle(batch)
            }
        }
    }

    private func handle(_ batch: [FileChangeEvent]) async {
        for event in batch {
            switch event {
            case .added(let path), .modified(let path):
                if path.hasPrefix("Stubs/") {
                    let id = idFromStubPath(path)
                    deleteCachedEntity(id: id)
                    // A stub can arrive before (or instead of) the deleting device's
                    // live-file removal; drop any live file for this id so the delete
                    // takes effect and reconcile can't re-import it.
                    await removeLiveFile(forID: id)
                } else {
                    await importFile(relativePath: path)
                }
            case .removed(let path):
                if !path.hasPrefix("Stubs/") {
                    deleteCachedEntity(jsonRelativePath: path)
                }
            }
        }
        do { try context.save() } catch { report("Cache save failed", error) }
        onCacheChanged?()
    }

    /// Apply a workout received from the watch. iCloud Drive stays the source of
    /// truth (we write the file), but we also upsert the cache directly here.
    ///
    /// The phone's own edits drive a local view copy, so they don't need this — but a
    /// watch-originated change has nothing else refreshing the phone UI, and a
    /// same-process file overwrite doesn't reliably wake the `NSMetadataQuery`
    /// observer. Upserting the doc we just wrote keeps cache and file consistent (the
    /// observer re-applies idempotently if it does fire) and lets open phone screens
    /// reflect watch progress live.
    func ingestFromWatch(_ doc: WorkoutDocument) async {
        // A workout deleted on the phone leaves a tombstone; a watch that missed the
        // delete may still push its stale copy. Honor the veto — never resurrect it —
        // and re-push authoritative state (via onCacheChanged → pushAll) so the watch
        // replaces its stale set and drops the deleted workout.
        if let tombstones, await tombstones.stubExists(id: doc.id) {
            onCacheChanged?()
            return
        }
        await save(workout: doc)
        CacheMapper.upsertWorkout(doc, relativePath: doc.relativePath, into: context)
        do { try context.save() } catch { report("Cache save failed", error) }
        onCacheChanged?()
    }

    // MARK: - Public CRUD (write path: files only)

    /// Returns the *effective* id of the split that was written — normally `doc.id`,
    /// but the clone's fresh id when an edited seed forks. Open views follow the swap
    /// via `currentSplitID(for:)`.
    @discardableResult
    func save(split doc: SplitDocument) async -> String {
        guard let store else { return doc.id }

        // Seeds are immutable: a real edit forks the seed into a user-owned split and
        // soft-deletes the original, keeping the curated seed intact and restorable. A
        // pristine (no-op) save must NOT fork — the edit sheets stamp `updatedAt`
        // unconditionally, so merely opening and saving a seed's editor without a change
        // would otherwise clone it.
        if SeedLibrary.isSeed(id: doc.id), !SeedLibrary.isPristine(doc) {
            return await cloneSeedOnEdit(doc)
        }

        do {
            try await store.write(doc, to: doc.relativePath)
            lastSyncError = nil
        } catch {
            report("Failed to save split", error)
        }
        // Cache updates reactively via the monitor.
        return doc.id
    }

    /// Fork an edited seed into a user-owned split. Writes the clone under a fresh
    /// ULID and upserts it into the cache immediately (same rationale as
    /// `ingestFromWatch`: a same-process write doesn't reliably wake the metadata
    /// observer, and open screens must see the clone the moment `save` returns), then
    /// soft-deletes the seed and drops its cache entity. Records the id redirect so a
    /// view still holding the seed's id follows the identity swap.
    private func cloneSeedOnEdit(_ doc: SplitDocument) async -> String {
        guard let store else { return doc.id }
        var clone = doc
        clone.id = ULID.make()
        clone.createdAt = Date()
        // Exercise ids are kept as-is — they only need uniqueness within the document.
        do {
            try await store.write(clone, to: clone.relativePath)
            CacheMapper.upsertSplit(clone, relativePath: clone.relativePath, into: context)
            // Soft-delete the seed (writes its veto stub, then removes the live file),
            // then evict its now-orphaned cache entity.
            await softDelete(id: doc.id, kind: "split", livePath: doc.relativePath)
            deleteCachedEntity(id: doc.id)
            try context.save()
            cloneRedirects[doc.id] = clone.id
            lastSyncError = nil
            onCacheChanged?()
            return clone.id
        } catch {
            report("Failed to fork edited starter split", error)
            return doc.id
        }
    }

    func save(workout doc: WorkoutDocument) async {
        guard let store else { return }
        do {
            try await store.write(doc, to: doc.relativePath)
            lastSyncError = nil
        } catch {
            report("Failed to save workout", error)
        }
        // Drive the HealthKit writer: a watch-recorded doc cancels any pending estimate;
        // a completed doc (re)considers an estimate (the writer dedupes on metrics).
        if doc.metrics?.source == .watch { onWatchMetricsArrived?(doc.id) }
        if doc.status == WorkoutStatus.completed.rawValue { onWorkoutCompleted?(doc) }
    }

    func delete(split: Split) async {
        await softDelete(id: split.id, kind: "split", livePath: split.jsonRelativePath)
    }

    func delete(workout: Workout) async {
        await softDelete(id: workout.id, kind: "workout", livePath: workout.jsonRelativePath)
    }

    /// Writes a tombstone stub then removes the live file. Other devices learn of
    /// the delete via the stub even if they were offline for the file removal.
    private func softDelete(id: String, kind: String, livePath: String) async {
        guard let store, let tombstones else { return }
        do {
            try await tombstones.writeTombstone(Tombstone(id: id, deletedAt: Date(), kind: kind))
            try await store.remove(at: livePath)
            lastSyncError = nil
        } catch {
            report("Failed to delete \(id)", error)
        }
    }

    // MARK: - Import / reconcile

    private func importFile(relativePath: String) async {
        guard let store, let tombstones else { return }
        let data: Data
        do {
            data = try await store.readData(from: relativePath)
        } catch {
            // Includes eviction-download timeouts — log loudly, never silently
            // treat an unreadable file as absent. The next monitor event or
            // reconcile retries it.
            log.error("import: read failed for \(relativePath, privacy: .public): \(error)")
            report("Failed to read \(relativePath)", error)
            return
        }

        if relativePath.hasPrefix("Splits/") {
            guard let doc = try? DocumentCoder.decode(SplitDocument.self, from: data), doc.isReadable else { return }
            if await tombstones.stubExists(id: doc.id) { try? await store.remove(at: relativePath); return }
            CacheMapper.upsertSplit(doc, relativePath: relativePath, into: context)
        } else if relativePath.hasPrefix("Workouts/") {
            guard let doc = try? DocumentCoder.decode(WorkoutDocument.self, from: data), doc.isReadable else { return }
            if await tombstones.stubExists(id: doc.id) { try? await store.remove(at: relativePath); return }
            CacheMapper.upsertWorkout(doc, relativePath: relativePath, into: context)
        }
    }

    /// Full sync against the current file set — imports new/changed files and
    /// prunes entities whose file is gone or tombstoned. Runs on connect so
    /// changes accumulated while the app was closed are picked up.
    private func reconcile() async {
        guard let store, let tombstones else { return }
        isSyncing = true
        defer { isSyncing = false }

        // IDs from stub filenames, not stub contents — an evicted stub must
        // still count as a tombstone or the deleted record resurrects.
        let tombstoned = await tombstones.listStubIDs()
        let dataFiles = await store.list().filter { !$0.hasPrefix("Stubs/") }

        var liveSplitIDs = Set<String>()
        var liveWorkoutIDs = Set<String>()
        var unreadablePaths = Set<String>()

        for path in dataFiles {
            let data: Data
            do {
                data = try await store.readData(from: path)
            } catch {
                // A failed read (eviction-download timeout, coordination error)
                // is not proof the record is gone — remember the path so the
                // prune below keeps its cache entity. Skipping silently here is
                // how evicted records used to vanish on storage-constrained
                // devices.
                log.error("reconcile: read failed for \(path, privacy: .public): \(error)")
                report("Failed to read \(path)", error)
                unreadablePaths.insert(path)
                continue
            }
            if path.hasPrefix("Splits/") {
                guard let doc = try? DocumentCoder.decode(SplitDocument.self, from: data), doc.isReadable else { continue }
                if tombstoned.contains(doc.id) { try? await store.remove(at: path); continue }
                CacheMapper.upsertSplit(doc, relativePath: path, into: context)
                liveSplitIDs.insert(doc.id)
            } else if path.hasPrefix("Workouts/") {
                guard let doc = try? DocumentCoder.decode(WorkoutDocument.self, from: data), doc.isReadable else { continue }
                if tombstoned.contains(doc.id) { try? await store.remove(at: path); continue }
                CacheMapper.upsertWorkout(doc, relativePath: path, into: context)
                liveWorkoutIDs.insert(doc.id)
            }
        }

        // Prune cache entities no longer backed by a live file — but never for
        // a path that failed to read this pass (it may just be un-downloadable
        // right now; pruning would make an eviction look like a deletion).
        if let splits = try? context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<Split>()) {
            for s in splits where !liveSplitIDs.contains(s.id) && !unreadablePaths.contains(s.jsonRelativePath) {
                context.delete(s)
            }
        }
        if let workouts = try? context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<Workout>()) {
            for w in workouts where !liveWorkoutIDs.contains(w.id) && !unreadablePaths.contains(w.jsonRelativePath) {
                context.delete(w)
            }
        }
        do {
            try context.save()
            // A fully clean pass supersedes any earlier failure; a pass with
            // unreadable files keeps its own report visible.
            if unreadablePaths.isEmpty { lastSyncError = nil }
        } catch {
            report("Cache save failed", error)
        }
        onCacheChanged?()
    }

    // MARK: - Cache deletes

    private func deleteCachedEntity(id: String) {
        if let s = CacheMapper.fetchSplit(id: id, in: context) { context.delete(s) }
        if let w = CacheMapper.fetchWorkout(id: id, in: context) { context.delete(w) }
    }

    private func deleteCachedEntity(jsonRelativePath path: String) {
        if let splits = try? context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<Split>(predicate: #Predicate { $0.jsonRelativePath == path })) {
            splits.forEach(context.delete)
        }
        if let workouts = try? context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<Workout>(predicate: #Predicate { $0.jsonRelativePath == path })) {
            workouts.forEach(context.delete)
        }
    }

    private func idFromStubPath(_ path: String) -> String {
        (path as NSString).lastPathComponent.replacingOccurrences(of: ".json", with: "")
    }

    /// Remove any live data file for `id` when its tombstone arrives. Matches by
    /// filename identity across every non-`Stubs/` path — deliberately NOT
    /// `resolveExistingPath(forID:)`, which would also match the stub itself.
    private func removeLiveFile(forID id: String) async {
        guard let store else { return }
        let target = "\(id).json"
        let livePaths = await store.list().filter {
            !$0.hasPrefix("Stubs/") && ($0 as NSString).lastPathComponent == target
        }
        for path in livePaths {
            try? await store.remove(at: path)
        }
    }

    // MARK: - Maintenance

    private func cleanupOldStubs() {
        guard let tombstones else { return }
        let exempt = SeedLibrary.seedIDs
        Task.detached(priority: .utility) {
            // Downloads evicted stubs to read their deletedAt, prunes past the
            // 30-day grace period. Seed tombstones veto resurrection permanently, so
            // they're exempt and never pruned.
            try? await tombstones.prune(exempting: exempt)
        }
    }

    // MARK: - Seeding

    /// True when the container holds no documents at all — not one data file and not
    /// one tombstone. A user with only workouts, or any tombstone (i.e. a prior
    /// delete), is not a new user, so we never auto-seed over them. Placeholder-aware
    /// by construction (`store.list()` sees evicted files too).
    private func containerEmpty() async -> Bool {
        guard let store else { return false }
        return await store.list().isEmpty
    }

    /// Write the starter library exactly once, only into a verifiably empty container
    /// (the true first run). Deferred and re-checked after a settle delay: an empty
    /// listing right after connect can just mean the metadata index hasn't populated
    /// yet, and seeding into that illusion would duplicate a library that's about to
    /// arrive.
    private func autoSeedIfEmpty() async {
        guard let store, await containerEmpty() else { return }
        // Give the metadata index a chance to surface existing files before we conclude
        // the account is genuinely new.
        try? await Task.sleep(for: .seconds(5))
        guard iCloudStatus == .available, await containerEmpty() else { return }

        for seed in SeedLibrary.seeds {
            do {
                // Verbatim bundle bytes: byte-identical files across devices make a
                // same-path conflict (two devices seeding at once) semantically empty.
                try await store.writeData(seed.data, to: seed.doc.relativePath)
                CacheMapper.upsertSplit(seed.doc, relativePath: seed.doc.relativePath, into: context)
            } catch {
                report("Failed to seed \(seed.doc.name)", error)
            }
        }
        do { try context.save() } catch { report("Cache save failed", error) }
        onCacheChanged?()
    }

    /// Add one seed fresh: write its verbatim bundle bytes and upsert the cache. The
    /// on-demand "Add Starter Splits" path uses this for a seed that's neither present
    /// nor tombstoned.
    func writeSeed(_ seed: SeedLibrary.Seed) async {
        guard let store else { return }
        do {
            try await store.writeData(seed.data, to: seed.doc.relativePath)
            CacheMapper.upsertSplit(seed.doc, relativePath: seed.doc.relativePath, into: context)
            try context.save()
            lastSyncError = nil
        } catch {
            report("Failed to add starter split \(seed.doc.name)", error)
        }
        onCacheChanged?()
    }

    /// Bring a previously-deleted seed back: lift its veto stub, then write its
    /// verbatim bundle bytes. The bundle is the canonical restore source (seed content
    /// is immutable), so this restores from the bundle rather than reconstructing from
    /// the stub — the seed's stub is only ever a minimal veto marker. The stub is
    /// removed first so neither a racing observer event nor a reconcile re-vetoes the
    /// file we're about to write while the stub still exists.
    func restoreSeed(_ seed: SeedLibrary.Seed) async {
        guard let store, let tombstones else { return }
        do {
            try await tombstones.removeStub(at: "\(seed.id).json")
            try await store.writeData(seed.data, to: seed.doc.relativePath)
            CacheMapper.upsertSplit(seed.doc, relativePath: seed.doc.relativePath, into: context)
            try context.save()
            lastSyncError = nil
        } catch {
            report("Failed to restore starter split \(seed.doc.name)", error)
        }
        onCacheChanged?()
    }

    /// Whether a tombstone exists for `id` (placeholder-aware). The on-demand seed
    /// path checks this to restore rather than re-create a deleted seed.
    func isTombstoned(id: String) async -> Bool {
        guard let tombstones else { return false }
        return await tombstones.stubExists(id: id)
    }

    // MARK: - Error Reporting

    /// Record a non-fatal sync failure: log it and publish it as `lastSyncError`
    /// for the UI to render. Replaces silent `try?` / print-only handling.
    private func report(_ message: String, _ error: Error? = nil) {
        let full = error.map { "\(message): \($0.localizedDescription)" } ?? message
        print("[Sync] \(full)")
        lastSyncError = full
    }
}